ǀǡǏǟǡ
ƳǝǖǏǒǟǢǖǙǏ
ƹǚǏǑǗǧǗ ǓǗǠǞǚǔǘ
a
ǕǶǴ
ƾǔǟǔǙǚǭǦǏǡǔǚǫ ǞǟǝǒǟǏǛǛ
ƿǢǦǙǏ ǙǭǑǔǡǪ ǓǚǮ ǛǝǭǨǗǤ ǠǟǔǓǠǡǑ
ƱǪǐǝǟ ǝǞǥǗǘ Ǘ ǗǖǛǔǜǔǜǗǔ ǢǠǡǏǜǝǑǝǙ ƳǗǠǞǚǔǘ
Ǖ dzDzǰDzǽȀȂ ǮDZDzdzDzǮ
:
;
ǒdzǺǬǬ ǰDzǪDZDz DZǤǥǴǤǶȀ ǵǯǩǨǷȂǽǬǩ DzǵDZDzǦDZǿǩ Ǭ dzǴDzǧǴǤǰǰDZǿǩ ǷǵǶǤDZDzǦǮǬ
ǕDzDzǶǦǩǶǵǶǦǷȂǽǬǩ ǷǵǶǤDZDzǦǮǬ ǰDzǪDZDz dzǴǬǦǩǵǶǬ Ǧ ǵDzDzǶǦǩǶǵǶǦǬǩ ǬǯǬ ǬǫǰǩDZǬǶȀ ǵ dzDzǰDzǽȀȂ ǮDZDzdzDzǮ
njǫǰǩDZǩDZǬǩ ǓǴǬ ǵǶǷdzǩDZǻǤǶǿǹ ǷǵǶǤDZDzǦǮǤǹ Ǧ ǴǩǫǷǯȀǶǤǶǩ ǨǯǬǶǩǯȀDZDzǧDz DZǤǪǤǶǬȃ DZǤ
ǮǯǤǦǬǼǬ
njǫǰǩDZǩDZǬǩ dzǴDzǬǵǹDzǨǬǶ ǤǦǶDzǰǤǶǬǻǩǵǮDzǩ dzǴDzǹDzǪǨǩDZǬǩ ǷǵǶǤDZDzǦDzǮ
ƳǗǠǞǚǔǘ
dzDzǮǤǫǿǦǤǩǶ ǵǯǩǨǷȂǽǷȂ ǬDZǸDzǴǰǤǺǬȂ ǗǵǶǤDZDzǦǮǬ ǦǿdzDzǯDZǩDZǬǩ dzǴDzǧǴǤǰǰǿ Ǭ ǨDzdzDzǯDZǬǶǩǯȀDZǿǩ
ǵDzDzǥǽǩDZǬȃ
a
DzǶǨǩǯȀDZǤȃ njDZǵǶǴǷǮǺǬȃ dzDz ǷǵǶǤDZDzǦǮǩ Ǭ ǷǹDzǨǷ ǛǶDz ǨǩǯǤǶȀ ǩǵǯǬ
ǶǴ
ǎǤǪǨǤȃ ǷǵǶǤDZDzǦǮǤ ǤǮǶǬǦǬǴǷǩǶǵȃ ǥǩǫ dzDzǨǶǦǩǴǪǨǩDZǬȃ ǒǵDZDzǦDZǿǩ ǷǵǶǤDZDzǦǮǬ DZǤ ǨǬǵdzǯǩǩ
dzDzǨǻǩǴǮDZǷǶǿ Ǭ DzǵǶǤȂǶǵȃ ǦǮǯȂǻǩDZDZǿǰǬ ǨǤǪǩ dzDzǵǯǩ ǦǿǮǯȂǻǩDZǬȃ Ǭ ǦǮǯȂǻǩDZǬȃ
ƽǠǜǝǑǜǪǔ ǢǠǡǏǜǝǑǙǗ
ƾǟǝǒǟǏǛǛǜǪǔ ǢǠǡǏǜǝǑǙǗ
ʑ
ǚǐǗ Ǚǘ NJLj
ǒǶǵǬǰǾǰǶǵǭǸ
ǔǶȆȁǭǭ ǹǸǭǬǹǺǪǶ
NJȃǩǭǸǰǺǭ ǺǰǷ ǴǶȆȁǭǫǶ ǹǸǭǬǹǺǪǨ
a
ǙǺǸ
ʑ
ǙǚLjǕnjLjǘǚ
Ǵdz
Ǵdz
ǛǹǺǨǵǶǪǰǺǭ ǩǨǯǰǹǵǶǭ ǬǶǯǰǸǻǭǴǶǭ DzǶdzǰǿǭǹǺǪǶ
a
ǺǸ
Ǫ ǹǶǶǺǪǭǺǹǺǪǰǰ ǹ ǸǭDzǶǴǭǵǬǨǾǰȇǴǰ ǰǯǫǶǺǶǪǰǺǭdzȇ ǴǶȆȁǭǫǶ
ǹǸǭǬǹǺǪǨ ǰdzǰ DzǶǵǬǰǾǰǶǵǭǸǨ
ʑ
ǙǚLjǕnjLjǘǚ
Ǵdz
Ǵdz
ʑ
ǙǐNjǕLjǓ
3
NJǣǒǓ
ǚǐǝǖ
ǙǘǍnjǕǍ
Njǘǖǔǒǖ
ǖǟǍǕǤ Njǘǖǔǒǖ
NJȃǩǭǸǰǺǭ ǻǸǶǪǭǵȄ ǫǸǶǴDzǶǹǺǰ ǯǪǻǿǨǵǰȇ ǻDzǨǯǨǺǭdzȄǵȃǽ
ǹǰǫǵǨdzǶǪ
ʑ
ǙǐNjǕLjǓ ǒǓLjNJǐǠ NJǣǒǓ
ǚǐǝǖ
ǙǘǍnjǕǍ
Njǘǖǔǒǖ
ǖǟǍǕǤ Njǘǖǔǒǖ
NJȃǩǭǸǰǺǭ ǻǸǶǪǭǵȄ ǫǸǶǴDzǶǹǺǰ ǯǪǻǿǨǵǰȇ ǹǰǫǵǨdzǶǪ DzdzǨǪǰȀ
ʑ
ǧǏǣǒ
NJȃǩǭǸǰǺǭ ȇǯȃDz ǹǶǶǩȁǭǵǰDZ ǵǨ ǬǰǹǷdzǭǭ
i
ljǣǙǚǘLjǧ
njdzȇ ǩǶdzǭǭ DzǶǸǶǺDzǶDZ ǹǺǰǸDzǰ ǹ ǸǭǯǻdzȄǺǨǺǨǴǰ ǷǶǬǶǩǵȃǴǰ
ǸǭǯǻdzȄǺǨǺǨǴ ǹǺǨǵǬǨǸǺǵǶDZ ǷǸǶǫǸǨǴǴȃ
ǔǨDzǹǰǴǨdzȄǵǨȇ ǯǨǫǸǻǯDzǨ
a
ǖǩǯǶǸ ǷǸǶǫǸǨǴǴ
ǺǸ
ʑ
ǙǚLjǕnjLjǘǚǕLjǧ
j
ǥǒǖǕǖǔǐǟǕLjǧ
njdzȇ ȅDzǶǵǶǴǰǰ ȅdzǭDzǺǸǶȅǵǭǸǫǰǰ ǹ ǸǭǯǻdzȄǺǨǺǨǴǰ ǹǺǰǸDzǰ
ǷǶǬǶǩǵȃǴǰ ǸǭǯǻdzȄǺǨǺǨǴ ǹǺǨǵǬǨǸǺǵǶDZ ǷǸǶǫǸǨǴǴȃ
NJǣljǖǘ ǗǧǚǍǕ
[
LjǪǺǶǴǨǺǰǿǭǹDzǨȇ ǶǩǸǨǩǶǺDzǨ ǹdzǶǮǵȃǽ ǷȇǺǭǵ
a
ǙǺǸ
ʑ
NJǘǍǔǧ ǖǒǖǕǟLjǕ
ǿǨǹ
ǗǸǰ ǪȃǩǶǸǭ ǷǸǶǫǸǨǴǴȃ ǵǨ ǬǰǹǷdzǭDZ ǪȃǪǶǬǰǺǹȇ ǹǶǶǺǪǭǺǹǺ
ǪǻȆȁǭǭ ǪǸǭǴȇ ǶDzǶǵǿǨǵǰȇ ǷǸǶǫǸǨǴǴȃ ǘǭǫǻdzǰǸǻǭǺǹȇ
ǷǶǿǨǹǶǪȃǴǰ ǰǵǺǭǸǪǨdzǨǴǰ ǬǶ ǴǨDzǹ
ǗǶǹdzǭ ǯǨǷǻǹDzǨ
ǷǸǶǫǸǨǴǴȃ ǻǹǺǨǵǶǪDzǨ ǵǭ ǪDzdzȆǿǨǭǺǹȇ
ʑ
njǖǗ ǗǖǓǖǙǒLjǕ
2
ǴǨDzǹ
ǗǖǓǖǙǒLjǕǐǧ
njǶǷǶdzǵǰǺǭdzȄǵǶǭ ǷǶdzǶǹDzǨǵǰǭ ǛǪǭdzǰǿǭǵǵǨȇ ǷǸǶǬǶdzǮǰǺǭdzȄ
ǵǶǹǺȄ ǷǸǶǫǸǨǴǴȃ ǘǭDzǶǴǭǵǬǨǾǰȇ Ǭdzȇ ǰǹǷǶdzȄǯǶǪǨǵǰȇ Ǭdzȇ
ǶǹǶǩǶ ǿǻǪǹǺǪǰǺǭdzȄǵǶDZ DzǶǮǰ ǰdzǰ ǰ Ǫ ǸǭǫǰǶǵǨǽ ǹ
ǶǿǭǵȄ ǴȇǫDzǶDZ ǪǶǬǶDZ
ʑ
ǓǍNjǒǖ NjǓLjnj
ǪȃDzdz
ǪDzdz
ǙǷǭǾǰǨdzȄǵȃDZ ǷǸǶǾǭǹǹ ǶǺǮǰǴǨ ǹ ǷǶǹdzǭǬǻȆȁǰǴ ǸǨǯǸȃǽdzǭǵǰǭǴ
ǩǭdzȄȇ ljǭǸǭǮǵȃDZ ǶDzǶǵǿǨǺǭdzȄǵȃDZ ǶǺǮǰǴ ǹ ǷǶǵǰǮǭǵǵǶDZ
ǹDzǶǸǶǹǺȄȆ ǶǺǮǰǴǨ
ǙdzǭǫDzǨ ǷǶǪȃȀǭǵǵȃDZ ǻǸǶǪǭǵȄ ǪdzǨǮǵǶǹǺǰ ǩǭdzȄȇ
ʑ
lj Ǐ ǚǎǐǔ
c
ǪȃDzdz
ǪDzdz
ǗǶǹdzǭ ǷǶǹdzǭǬǵǭǫǶ ǷǶdzǶǹDzǨǵǰȇ ǩǭdzȄǭ ǶǹǺǨǭǺǹȇ dzǭǮǨǺȄ Ǫ ǪǶǬǭ
a
ǙǺǸ
ʑ
NJǖnjLj ǗǓǦǙ
ǪȃDzdz
ǪDzdz
ǗǶǪȃȀǭǵǵȃDZ ǻǸǶǪǭǵȄ ǪǶǬȃ ljǭǸǭǮǵǶǭ ǶǩǸǨȁǭǵǰǭ ǹ ǩǭdzȄǭǴ
ʑ
Ǘ
njNJ
ǚǐ ǒ
ǪȃDzdz
ǪDzdz
njdzȇ ǹǰdzȄǵǶ ǯǨǫǸȇǯǵǭǵǵǶǫǶ ǩǭdzȄȇ
ǛDzǨǯǨǵǰȇ Ƕ ǬǶǯǰǸǶǪDzǭ
a
ǶǩǸǨǺǰǺǭ ǪǵǰǴǨǵǰǭ ǵǨ ǹǺǸ
ʑ
džDZǷǶǴǩDZDZǩǩ DzǵǦǩǽǩDZǬǩ ǥǤǴǤǥǤDZǤ
Ǧ ǫǤǦǬǵǬǰDzǵǶǬ DzǶ ǰDzǨǩǯǬ
dzDzǵǯǩ
DzǶǮǴǿǦǤDZǬȃ ǬǯǬ ǫǤǮǴǿǦǤDZǬȃ
ǫǤǧǴǷǫDzǻDZDzǧDz ǯȂǮǤ Ǥ ǶǤǮǪǩ dzDzǵǯǩ
ǫǤdzǷǵǮǤ dzǴDzǧǴǤǰǰǿ ǧǤǵDZǩǶ
ǵǤǰDzǵǶDzȃǶǩǯȀDZDz
ƽǡǙǟǝǘǡǔ ǖǏǒǟǢǖǝǦǜǪǘ ǚǭǙ
ƿǏǠǠǝǟǡǗǟǢǘǡǔ ǐǔǚǫǔ
dž ǵDzDzǶǦǩǶǵǶǦǬǬ ǵ ǷǮǤǫǤDZǬȃǰǬ DZǤ ȁǶǬǮǩǶǮǤǹ dzDz ǷǹDzǨǷ ǫǤ ǬǫǨǩǯǬȃǰǬ
ǓDz ǦǬǨǷ ǺǦǩǶǷ ǵǶǩdzǩDZǬ ǫǤǧǴȃǫDZǩDZǬȃ Ǭ ǶǩǰdzǩǴǤǶǷǴǩ ǵǶǬǴǮǬ
ǗǻǬǶǿǦǤǭǶǩ ǴǩǮDzǰǩDZǨǤǺǬǬ ǬǫǧDzǶDzǦǬǶǩǯȃ dzDz ǷǹDzǨǷ ǫǤ ǬǫǨǩǯǬǩǰ
Ǒǩ dzǴǩǦǿǼǤǭǶǩ ǰǤǮǵǬǰǤǯȀDZDzǧDz ǷǴDzǦDZȃ ǫǤǧǴǷǫǮǬ
a
ǕǶǴ
ǕDzǥǯȂǨǤǭǶǩ ǦǤǪDZǿǩ ǷǮǤǫǤDZǬȃ
a
ǕǶǴ
ƱǪǐǔǟǗǡǔ ǞǟǝǒǟǏǛǛǢ
ǓǩǴǩǮǯȂǻǤǶǩǯȀ dzǴDzǧǴǤǰǰ ǵǯǷǪǬǶ Ǩǯȃ ǦǮǯȂǻǩDZǬȃ Ǭ ǦǿǮǯȂǻǩDZǬȃ ǰǤǼǬDZǿ Ǭ Ǩǯȃ
ǦǿǥDzǴǤ dzǴDzǧǴǤǰǰǿ ǓDzǦDzǴǤǻǬǦǤǩǶǵȃ Ǧ DzǥDzǬǹ DZǤdzǴǤǦǯǩDZǬȃǹ
ljǵǯǬ ǦǮǯȂǻǩDZǤ ǥǯDzǮǬǴDzǦǮǤ
a
džǿǮǯȂǻǬǶǩ
ǶǴ
ǒǥǴǤǽǤǭǶǩ ǦDZǬǰǤDZǬǩ DZǤ ǵDzDzǥǽǩDZǬȃ
DZǤ ǨǬǵdzǯǩǩ
ƻ ƹ
ƹƲ
ƺ ƾ ƹ
ƶ Ʋ
ư ƺNjƴ
ƶǏǒǟǢǖǗǡǔ ǐǔǚǫǔ
ǒǥǴǤǽǤǭǶǩ ǦDZǬǰǤDZǬǩ DZǤ ǬDZǨǬǮǤǺǬȂ ǫǤǧǴǷǫǮǬ
DZǤ ǨǬǵdzǯǩǩ
a
ǕǶǴ
Nj LJ
ǐ ǎ
ǎLJ
ƺ ƾ ƹ
ƶ Ʋ
ư ƺNjƴ
ƶǏǙǟǝǘǡǔ ǖǏǒǟǢǖǝǦǜǪǘ ǚǭǙ
Ǒǩ ǫǤǪǬǰǤǭǶǩ
ǥǩǯȀǩ ǨǦǩǴǺǩǭ
ǫǤǧǴǷǫDzǻDZDzǧDz
ǯȂǮǤ
ǎǒǑljǚ ǛljǔljNj
ƺ ƾ ƹ
njDZǶǩǯǯǩǮǶǷǤǯȀDZǤȃ ǨDzǫǬǴDzǦǮǤ ǷǵǶǤDZDzǦǯǩDZǤ DZǤ ǫǤǦDzǨǩ ǬǫǧDzǶDzǦǬǶǩǯǩ
LjDzǫǬǴDzǦǮǤ ǰDzȂǽǩǧDz ǵǴǩǨǵǶǦǤ ǑǒǔǐDŽ
LjDzǫǬǴDzǦǮǤ ǮDzDZǨǬǺǬDzDZǩǴǤ ǑǒǔǐDŽ
njǫǰǩDZǩDZǬǩ ǨDzǫǬǴDzǦǮǬ
a
ǕǶǴ
ƱǪǐǔǟǗǡǔ ǞǟǝǒǟǏǛǛǜǪǔ ǢǠǡǏǜǝǑǙǗ
džǵǩ ǮǯǤǦǬǼǬ ǵ ǵǩDZǵDzǴǤǰǬ dzDzȁǶDzǰǷ ǯǩǧǮDzǧDz ǮǤǵǤDZǬȃ ǨDzǵǶǤǶDzǻDZDz
ǁǔǛǞǔǟǏǡǢǟǏ ǀǙǝǟǝǠǡǫ ǝǡǕǗǛǏ
a
ǕǶǴ
ƽǞǥǗǗ
a
ǕǶǴ
ƱǪǐǝǟ ǞǮǡǔǜ
a
ǕǶǴ
ƳǝǖǗǟǝǑǙǏ ǑǟǢǦǜǢǭ
a
ǕǶǴ
ƶǏǞǢǠǡǗǡǫ
B C
ǣǻǩǭǮǤ Ǩǯȃ ǨDzǫǬǴDzǦǮǬ ǦǴǷǻDZǷȂ
ƱǏǧǏ ǠǡǗǟǏǚǫǜǏǮ ǛǏǧǗǜǏ
ƾǝǖǓǟǏǑǚǮǔǛ ƱǏǠ
ǵ dzDzǮǷdzǮDzǭ ǵDzǦǴǩǰǩDZDZDzǧDz ǦǿǵDzǮDz ǮǤǻǩǵǶǦǩDZDZDzǧDz
ǥǿǶDzǦDzǧDz dzǴǬǥDzǴǤ ǰǤǴǮǬ
ǕǶǬǴǤǯȀDZǤȃ ǰǤǼǬDZǤ DzǶǯǬǻǤǩǶǵȃ ȁǮDzDZDzǰDZǿǰ dzDzǶǴǩǥǯǩDZǬǩǰ ǦDzǨǿ
ȁǯǩǮǶǴDzȁDZǩǴǧǬǬ Ǭ ǰDzȂǽǬǹ ǵǴǩǨǵǶǦ
ǎǤǪǨǤȃ ǰǤǼǬDZǤ dzǩǴǩǨ ǦǿdzǷǵǮDzǰ Ǭǫ DZǤǼǩǧDz ǫǤǦDzǨǤ dzǴDzǹDzǨǬǶ
ǶǽǤǶǩǯȀDZǷȂ dzǴDzǦǩǴǮǷ ǸǷDZǮǺǬǭ Ǭ ǥǩǫǷǮDzǴǬǫDZǩDZDZDzǧDz ǵDzǵǶDzȃDZǬȃ
dž ǮǤǪǨǷȂ ǰǤǼǬDZǷ DZǤ ǫǤǦDzǨǩ ǬǫǧDzǶDzǦǬǶǩǯǩ ǥǿǯǬ ǦǦǩǨǩDZǿ ǷǵǶǤDZDzǦǮǬ ǬDZ
ǶǩǯǯǩǮǶǷǤǯȀDZDzǭ ǵǬǵǶǩǰǿ ǨDzǫǬǴDzǦǮǬ džǿ ǰDzǪǩǶǩ ǵǴǤǫǷ Ǫǩ DZǤǻǤǶȀ ǵǶǬǴǮǷ
njǫǰǩDZǩDZǬȃ DzǵDZDzǦDZǿǹ ǷǵǶǤDZDzǦDzǮ
a
ǕǶǴ
LjDzdzDzǯDZǬǶǩǯȀDZǷȂ ǬDZǸDzǴǰǤǺǬȂ Dz DZǤǼǬǹ dzǴDzǨǷǮǶǤǹ dzǴǬDZǤǨǯǩǪDZDzǵǶȃǹ
ǫǤdzǻǤǵǶȃǹ Ǭ ǵǩǴǦǬǵǩ džǿ DZǤǭǨǩǶǩ DZǤ DZǤǼǩǰ ǵǤǭǶǩ Ǧ njDZǶǩǴDZǩǶǩ
ǬǯǬ dzDzǯǷǻǬǶǩ DzǥǴǤǶǬǦǼǬǵȀ Ǧ DzǨǬDZ Ǭǫ DZǤǼǬǹ
ǺǩDZǶǴDzǦ ǵǩǴǦǬǵDZDzǧDz DzǥǵǯǷǪǬǦǤDZǬȃ
ƹǝǜǡǔǘǜǔǟ
ǓǚǮ ǗǜǡǔǚǚǔǙǡǢǏǚǫǜǝǘ ǓǝǖǗǟǝǑǙǗ
ǕǗǓǙǝǔ ǛǝǭǨǔǔ ǠǟǔǓǠǡǑǝ
ƹǝǜǡǔǘǜǔǟ
ǓǚǮ ǗǜǡǔǚǚǔǙǡǢǏǚǫǜǝǘ ǓǝǖǗǟǝǑǙǗ
ǮDzDZǨǬǺǬDzDZǩǴ ǬǯǬ ǪǬǨǮDzǩ ǰDzȂǽǩǩ ǵǴǩǨǵǶǦDz
ǀǡǗǟǙǏ
ƹǭǑǔǡǏ ǓǚǮ ǛǝǭǨǗǤ ǠǟǔǓǠǡǑ
ǓǤDZǩǯȀ
ǷdzǴǤǦǯǩDZǬȃ
ǕǩǴǦǬǵDZǤȃ
ǮǴǿǼǮǤ
LjǦǩǴǺǤ ǫǤǧǴǷǫDzǻDZDzǧDz
ǯȂǮǤ ǵ ǴǷǻǮDzǭ
ƱǪǙǚǭǦǔǜǗǔ
ǗǵǶǤDZDzǦǬǶǩ dzǩǴǩǮǯȂǻǤǶǩǯȀ dzǴDzǧǴǤǰǰ DZǤ
ƱǪǙǚ
ƶǏǙǟǝǘǡǔ ǑǝǓǝǞǟǝǑǝǓǜǪǘ ǙǟǏǜ
Ǒǩ ǶǴǩǥǷǩǶǵȃ Ǩǯȃ ǰDzǨǩǯǩǭ ǵ ǵǬǵǶǩǰDzǭ DŽǮǦǤ ǕǶDzdz
a
DzǶǨǩǯȀDZǤȃ njDZǵǶǴǷǮǺǬȃ dzDz ǷǵǶǤDZDzǦǮǩ Ǭ ǷǹDzǨǷ
ǶǴ
ƱǪǒǟǢǖǗǡǔ ǐǔǚǫǔ
ǒǶǮǴDzǭǶǩ ǫǤǧǴǷǫDzǻDZǿǭ ǯȂǮ Ǭ ǬǫǦǯǩǮǬǶǩ ǥǩǯȀǩ
njǫǦǯǩǮǬǶǩ dzDzǵǶDzǴDzDZDZǬǩ dzǴǩǨǰǩǶǿ
DzdzǤǵDZDzǵǶȀ
dzDzȃǦǯǩDZǬȃ ǴǪǤǦǻǬDZǿ
NjǤǧǴǷǫDzǻDZǿǭ ǯȂǮ Ǭ ǮȂǦǩǶǷ Ǩǯȃ ǰDzȂǽǬǹ
ǵǴǩǨǵǶǦ DzǵǶǤǦȀǶǩ DzǶǮǴǿǶǿǰǬ ǻǶDzǥǿ
DzǵǶǤǦǼǤȃǵȃ ǦDzǨǤ ǦǿǵDzǹǯǤ
ƾǟǝǒǟǏǛǛǏ ǝǙǝǜǦǔǜǏ
ǩǵǯǬ DZǤ ǨǬǵdzǯǩǩ dzDzȃǦǯȃȂǶǵȃ ǵDzDzǥǽǩDZǬȃ
ƲƽǁƽƱƽ
ƱNJƲƿǂƶ ưƴƺNjǎ
ljǵǯǬ
ǝǠǑǔǨǔǜǗǔ ǓǗǠǞǚǔǮ ǑǪǙǚǭǦǔǜǝ
ǶDz DZǤǪǰǬǶǩ DZǤ ǯȂǥǷȂ ǮǯǤǦǬǼǷ
a
ǔǩǪǬǰ
ȁǮDzDZDzǰǬǬ ȁǯǩǮǶǴDzȁDZǩǴǧǬǬ ǕǶǴ
ưǔǖ ǝǡǕǗǛǏ
ljǵǯǬ ǤǮǶǬǦǬǴDzǦǤDZDz
ưƴƶ ƽǁƵƷƻƯ
džǿǥǩǴǬǶǩ
ǀǚǗǑ
Ǭ ǬǯǬ
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ǀǡǏǟǡ
LjDzǫǤǧǴǷǫǮǤ
ƾǟǔǟǪǑǏǜǗǔ ǞǟǝǒǟǏǛǛǪ
Ljǯȃ dzǴDzǧǴǤǰǰ ǵ ǦǿǵDzǮDzǭ ǶǩǰdzǩǴǤǶǷǴDzǭ
Ljǯȃ DzǹǯǤǪǨǩDZǬȃ ǥǩǯȀȃ
ǦǿǥǩǴǬǶǩ
ƾ ǚ
Ǚ
ǒǶǪǬǰ
džǿǥǩǴǬǶǩ
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ǀǡǏǟǡ
LjDzǫǤǧǴǷǫǮǤ
Ljǯȃ dzǴDzǧǴǤǰǰ ǵ DZǬǫǮDzǭ ǶǩǰdzǩǴǤǶǷǴDzǭ
džǿǥǩǴǬǶǩ Ǔ ǯ
Ǯ
ƽǡǕǗǛ
ǬǯǬ
ǀǚǗǑ
džǿǥǩǴǬǶǩ
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ǀǡǏǟǡ
LjDzǫǤǧǴǷǫǮǤ
ǶDzǯȀǮDz DzǶǪǬǰ
a
ǕǶǴ
ƳǝǖǏǒǟǢǖǙǏ ǐǔǚǫǮ ǞǟǝǗǖǑǝǓǗǡǠǮ
a
ǕǶǴ
ǩǵǯǬ ǦǿǥǴǤDZDz
$
ǕǶǤǴǶ
ƳǝǖǏǒǟǢǖǙǏ
Ǭ ǫǤǶǩǰ DZǤ ǨǬǵdzǯǩǩ dzDzȃǦǯȃǩǶǵȃ ǵDzDzǥǽǩDZǬǩ
ƳƽƶƯƲƿǂƶ ƴǀǁNj
Ǒǩ DzǵǶǤǦǯȃǭǶǩ ǫǤǧǴǷǫDzǻDZǿǭ ǯȂǮ DzǶǮǴǿǶǿǰ
dzǴDzǨDzǯǪǬǶǩǯȀDZDzǩ ǦǴǩǰȃ
ǦDzǨǤ ǦǿǵǶǷdzǤȂǽǤȃ
Ǭǫ ǥǩǯȀȃ ǰDzǪǩǶ ǦǿǶǩǻȀ
njDZǨǬǮǤǺǬȃ ǫǤǧǴǷǫǮǬ DZǩ ǦǮǯȂǻǩDZǤ dzǴǬ
ǨDzǫǤǧǴǷǫǮǩ
džǿǥǩǴǬǶǩ
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ǀǡǏǟǡ
LjDzǫǤǧǴǷǫǮǤ
ƾǔǟǔǓ ǙǏǕǓǝǘ ǠǡǗǟǙǝǘ
ǔǷǻǮǤ ǮȂǦǩǶǿ Ǩǯȃ
ǰDzȂǽǬǹ ǵǴǩǨǵǶǦ
Ʊ
ǝ
Ǒ
ǟ
ǔ
Ǜ
Ǯ
Ǡ
ǡǗ
ǟ
Ǚ
Ǘ
ǀǡǗǟǙǏ
ƾǝǠǚǔ ǙǏǕǓǝǘ ǠǡǗǟǙǗ
ƶǏǞǝǚǜǗǡǔ ǓǝǖǏǡǝǟ
Ǘ
a
ǕǶǴ
ƾǟǝǠǡǗǟǏǘǡǔ ǝǓǗǜ ǟǏǖ ǐǔǖ ǐǔǚǫǮ
ǛǶDzǥǿ dzǴǩǨDzǶǦǴǤǶǬǶȀ ǦǿǶǩǮǤDZǬǩ Ǧ ǵǶDzǮ DZǩǬǵdzDzǯȀǫDz
ǦǤDZDZDzǧDz ǰDzȂǽǩǧDz ǵǴǩǨǵǶǦǤ ǦDz ǦǴǩǰȃ dzǩǴǦDzǭ ǵǶǬǴǮǬ
ǫǤǯǩǭǶǩ Ǧ ȃǻǩǭǮǷ
B
C
ǯ ǦDzǨǿ Ǭ ǫǤdzǷǵǶǬǶǩ
dzǴDzǧǴǤǰǰǷ
ǀǚǗǑ
džǮǯȂǻǬǶǩ DzǨǬDZ ǴǤǫ dzǴDzǧǴǤǰǰǷ
DŽǚǝǞǝǙ
ǜǔ ǖǏǒǟǢǕǏǮ ǐǔǚǫǮ
ʋ
ǬǵǮǯȂǻǬǶǩǯȀDZDz Ǩǯȃ ǬǵdzDzǯȀǫDzǦǤDZǬȃ Ǧ ǨDzǰǤǼDZǩǰ ǹDzǫȃǭǵǶǦǩ
ʋ
Ǩǯȃ ǵǶǬǴǮǬ ǴǤǵǶǦDzǴǩ ǰDzȂǽǩǧDz ǵǴǩǨǵǶǦǤ ǶǩǮǵǶǬǯȀDZǿǹ
ǬǫǨǩǯǬǭ Ǩǯȃ ǰǤǼǬDZDZDzǭ ǵǶǬǴǮǬ Ǭ ǬǫǨǩǯǬǭ Ǭǫ ǼǩǴǵǶǬ
Ǩǯȃ ǵǶǬǴǮǬ ǦǴǷǻDZǷȂ
ʋ
dzǴǬ ǨDzǫǬǴDzǦǮǩ Ǧǵǩǹ ǰDzȂǽǬǹ ǦǵdzDzǰDzǧǤǶǩǯȀDZǿǹ Ǭ ǻǬǵǶȃǽǬǹ
ǵǴǩǨǵǶǦ DzǥȃǫǤǶǩǯȀDZDz ǵDzǥǯȂǨǤǭǶǩ ǴǩǮDzǰǩDZǨǤǺǬǬ
ǬǫǧDzǶDzǦǬǶǩǯȃ
ʋ
Ǩǯȃ ȁǮǵdzǯǷǤǶǤǺǬǬ ǵ ǬǵdzDzǯȀǫDzǦǤDZǬǩǰ ǹDzǯDzǨDZDzǭ dzǬǶȀǩǦDzǭ
ǦDzǨǿ Ǭ ǵǶǤDZǨǤǴǶDZǿǹ ǰDzȂǽǬǹ ǵǴǩǨǵǶǦ Ǭ ǵǴǩǨǵǶǦ Ǩǯȃ
ǵdzǩǺǬǤǯȀDZDzǭ DzǥǴǤǥDzǶǮǬ ǥǩǯȀȃ ǮDzǶDzǴǿǩ ǰDzǪDZDz
ǬǵdzDzǯȀǫDzǦǤǶȀ Ǧ ǵǶǬǴǤǯȀDZǿǹ ǰǤǼǬDZǤǹ
ǕDzǥǯȂǨǤǭǶǩ ǷǮǤǫǤDZǬȃ dzDz ǶǩǹDZǬǮǩ ǥǩǫDzdzǤǵDZDzǵǶǬ
DZǤ ǵ
Ǒǩ DzǵǶǤǦǯȃǭǶǩ ǨǩǶǩǭ ǦǥǯǬǫǬ ǵǶǬǴǤǯȀDZDzǭ ǰǤǼǬDZǿ
ǥǩǫ dzǴǬǵǰDzǶǴǤ
LjǩǶȃǰ Ǭ DZǩdzDzǨǧDzǶDzǦǯǩDZDZǿǰ ǯǬǺǤǰ DZǩǯȀǫȃ
dzDzǯȀǫDzǦǤǶȀǵȃ ǵǶǬǴǤǯȀDZDzǭ ǰǤǼǬDZDzǭ
Ǒǩ dzDzǫǦDzǯȃǭǶǩ ǨDzǰǤǼDZǬǰ ǪǬǦDzǶDZǿǰ DZǤǹDzǨǬǶȀǵȃ
ǦǥǯǬǫǬ ǵǶǬǴǤǯȀDZDzǭ ǰǤǼǬDZǿ
ƾǟǏǑǗǚǫǜǝǔ
ǗǠǞǝǚǫǖǝǑǏǜǗǔ
ƾǔǟǔǓ ǞǔǟǑǝǘ ǠǡǗǟǙǝǘ
ƷǜǡǔǚǚǔǙǡǢǏǚǫǜǏǮ ǠǗǠǡǔǛǏ ǓǝǖǗǟǝǑǙǗ
džǤǼǤ ǵǶǬǴǤǯȀDZǤȃ ǰǤǼǬDZǤ ǬǰǩǩǶ ǬDZǶǩǯǯǩǮǶǷǤǯȀDZǷȂ ǵǬǵǶǩǰǷ ǨDzǫǬǴDzǦǮǬ Ǩǯȃ ǪǬǨǮǬǹ
ǰDzȂǽǬǹ ǵǴǩǨǵǶǦ Ǭ ǮDzDZǨǬǺǬDzDZǩǴǤ Ljǯȃ ȁǶDzǧDz ǮȂǦǩǶǤ Ǩǯȃ ǰDzȂǽǬǹ ǵǴǩǨǵǶǦ ǵDZǤǥǪǩDZǤ
ǮDzDZǶǩǭDZǩǴǤǰǬ
Ǭ
ǯ
ǯ džǿ ǰDzǪǩǶǩ ǦǿǥǬǴǤǶȀ Ǩǯȃ ǵǶǬǴǮǬ DzǨDZDz ǪǬǨǮDzǩ
ǰDzȂǽǩǩ ǵǴǩǨǵǶǦDz Ǭ ǮDzDZǨǬǺǬDzDZǩǴ ǬǯǬ ǨǦǤ ǴǤǫDZǿǹ ǪǬǨǮǬǹ ǰDzȂǽǬǹ ǵǴǩǨǵǶǦǤ
a
ǕǶǴ
ƯǑǡǝǛǏǡǗǦǔǠǙǗǔ ǞǟǝǒǟǏǛǛǪ
DŽǦǶDzǰǤǶǬǻǩǵǮǤȃ ǤǨǤdzǶǤǺǬȃ dzǴDzǧǴǤǰǰǿ ǵǶǬǴǮǬ Ǭ ǬDZǶǩǯǯǩǮǶǷǤǯȀDZǤȃ ǨDzǫǬǴDzǦǮǤ Ǧ
ǫǤǦǬǵǬǰDzǵǶǬ DzǶ DzdzǴǩǨǩǯǩDZDZDzǧDz ǦǬǨǤ ǥǩǯȀȃ Ǭ ǵǶǩdzǩDZǬ ǫǤǧǴȃǫDZǩDZǬȃ
a
ǕǶǴ
:
ƽǞǥǗǗ
;
ǀǝǓǔǟǕǏǜǗǔ
ǕǶǴ
ʋ
ǓǴǤǦǬǯȀDZDzǩ ǬǵdzDzǯȀǫDzǦǤDZǬǩ
ʋ
ǓDzǨǧDzǶDzǦǮǤ ǵǶǬǴǤǯȀDZDzǭ ǰǤǼǬDZǿ Ǯ ǴǤǥDzǶǩ
ʋ
ǓǩǴǩǨ dzǩǴǦDzǭ ǵǶǬǴǮDzǭ
ʋ
ǓǩǴǩǨ ǮǤǪǨDzǭ ǵǶǬǴǮDzǭ
ʋ
ǓDzǵǯǩ ǮǤǪǨDzǭ ǵǶǬǴǮǬ
ʋ
džǿǥDzǴ DzdzǺǬǭ Ǭ ǬǫǰǩDZǩDZǬǩ ǷǵǶǤDZDzǦDzǮ LjǬǵdzǯǩǭ
ʋ
ǒǥǫDzǴ dzǴDzǧǴǤǰǰ
ʋ
ǗǮǤǫǤDZǬȃ dzDz ǶǩǹDZǬǮǩ ǥǩǫDzdzǤǵDZDzǵǶǬ
ʋ
ǓǤǴǤǰǩǶǴǿ ǴǤǵǹDzǨǤ
ʋ
džǤǪDZǿǩ ǷǮǤǫǤDZǬȃ
ʋ
ǗǮǤǫǤDZǬȃ dzDz dzǴDzǧǴǤǰǰǤǰ DzdzǺǬȃǰ
ʋ
njDZǶǩǯǯǩǮǶǷǤǯȀDZǤȃ ǵǬǵǶǩǰǤ ǨDzǫǬǴDzǦǮǬ
ʋ
LjDzǫǬǴDzǦǮǤ ǦǴǷǻDZǷȂ
ʋ
ǕǩǴǦǬǵDZǤȃ ǵǯǷǪǥǤ
ƶǏǨǗǡǏ ǝǙǟǢǕǏǭǨǔǘ ǠǟǔǓǪ
ƿǔǙǝǛǔǜǓǏǥǗǗ Ǟǝ ǬǙǝǜǝǛǗǗ
ǕǶǤǴǤǭǶǩǵȀ ǵDzǥǯȂǨǤǶȀ ǷǮǤǫǤDZǬȃ DzǶDZDzǵǬǶǩǯȀDZDz ǰǤǮǵǬǰǤǯȀDZDzǧDz
ǮDzǯǬǻǩǵǶǦǤ ǥǩǯȀȃ Ǩǯȃ ǵDzDzǶǦǩǶǵǶǦǷȂǽǩǭ dzǴDzǧǴǤǰǰǿ
ǕǶǬǴǤǭǶǩ ǵǴǩǨDZǩ ǫǤǧǴȃǫDZǩDZDZDzǩ ǥǩǯȀǩ ǥǩǫ dzǴǩǨǦǤǴǬǶǩǯȀDZDzǭ ǵǶǬǴǮǬ
džǿǥǩǴǬǶǩ ǦǰǩǵǶDz
DŽǚǝǞǝǙ
dzǴDzǧǴǤǰǰǷ
DŽǚǝǞǝǙ
Ǭ DzdzǺǬȂ
j
njƹƽƼƽƻƷdžƼƯǎ
DŽDZǤǯDzǧǬǻDZǿǭ ǴǩǫǷǯȀǶǤǶ ǵǶǬǴǮǬ ǵDz ǫDZǤǻǬǶǩǯȀDZDz
dzDzDZǬǪǩDZDZǿǰ dzDzǶǴǩǥǯǩDZǬǩǰ ȁǯǩǮǶǴDzȁDZǩǴǧǬǬ
LjDzǫǬǴDzǦǮǤ ǰDzȂǽǩǧDz ǵǴǩǨǵǶǦǤ ǵ dzDzǰDzǽȀȂ ǬDZǶǩǯǯǩǮǶǷǤǯȀDZDzǭ
ǵǬǵǶǩǰǿ ǨDzǫǬǴDzǦǮǬ dzDzǰDzǧǤǩǶ ȁǮDzDZDzǰǬǶȀ ǰDzȂǽǩǩ ǵǴǩǨǵǶǦDz Ǭ ǦDzǨǷ
ƿǔǕǗǛ ǬǙǝǜǝǛǗǗ ǬǚǔǙǡǟǝǬǜǔǟǒǗǗ
ǒǵǦǩǽǩDZǬǩ ǨǬǵdzǯǩȃ ǧǤǵDZǩǶ
ǵdzǷǵǶȃ DZǩǵǮDzǯȀǮDz ǰǬDZǷǶ
$
ǕǶǤǴǶ LjDzǫǤǧǴǷǫǮǤ
ǰǬǧǤǩǶ ǛǶDzǥǿ ǦǮǯȂǻǬǶȀ DzǵǦǩǽǩDZǬǩ DZǤǪǰǬǶǩ DZǤ ǯȂǥǷȂ ǮǯǤǦǬǼǷ
ljǵǯǬ ǥǩǯȀǩ dzDzǵǯǩ ǵǶǬǴǮǬ ǵǷǼǬǶǵȃ Ǧ ǵǷǼǬǯȀDZDzǭ ǰǤǼǬDZǩ ǶDz ǦǿǥǩǴǬǶǩ
ǵǮDzǴDzǵǶȀ DzǶǪǬǰǤ Ǧ ǵDzDzǶǦǩǶǵǶǦǬǬ ǵ ǬDZǵǶǴǷǮǺǬǩǭ ǬǫǧDzǶDzǦǬǶǩǯȃ
ǵǷǼǬǯȀDZDzǭ ǰǤǼǬDZǿ
ƯǑǡǝǛǏǡǗǦǔǠǙǏǮ ǝǐǟǏǐǝǡǙǏ ǞǮǡǔǜ
džDzǫǰDzǪDZǤ ǵdzǩǺǬǤǯȀDZǤȃ DzǥǴǤǥDzǶǮǤ
ǴǤǫǯǬǻDZǿǹ ǦǬǨDzǦ dzȃǶǩDZ
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ǕǶǬǴǤǯȀDZǤȃ ǰǤǼǬDZǤ
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