lfyyjq cnhfys
−
cj dyenhtyytq gjdth[yjcnm.- gj
djpvj;yjcnb ukflrjq=
R h j v t n j u j - v s h t r j v t y l e t v
ghtljndhfnbnm htprbt bpvtytybz ctxtybz
nhe,s (htrjvtyletvsq lbfvtnh% 125 vv)=
Rhtgktybt gj Hbc= 6%
Ghbckjybd if,kjy r jcyjdfyb.
yfdtcyjuj irfaf- ghjcdthkbnt 4
jndthcnbz- ghtlecvjnhtyys[ lkz Dfitq
vjltkb b ghjltkfqnt jndthcnbt-
ytj,[jlbvjt lkz dsdjlf djple[f=
Lkz bcgjkytybz c lbcnfywbjyysv
'ktrnhjldbufntktv% ghjbpdtlbnt
'ktrnhbxtcrjt cjtlbytybt dsnz;rb c
yfhe;ysv 'ktrnhjldbufntktv yflkt
−−−−−
;fobvb rktvvfvb (Hbc= 7)+ cybvbnt
pf;bv F b rhsire D cjtlbybntkmyjq
rjhj,rb= Pfrhtgbnt cjtlbybntkmysq
ghjdjl r rktvvfv C= Gjdnjhyj
ecnfyjdbnt pf;bv F b rhsire D d
cjtlbybntkmye. rjhj,re= Lheujq rjytw
ghjdjlf ghbcjtlbybnt r rktvvfv
yfhe;yjuj dtynbkznjhf=
Gjldbymnt dsnz;re r jcyjdfyb.
yfdtcyjuj irfaf b ghbrhtgbnt tuj r
irfae 4_vz cfvjyfhtpf.obvb
dbynfvb- gjcnfdktyysvb dvtcnt c
ghb,jhjv=
Rhtgktybt [jvenfvb gj Hbc= 8 (gj
pfghjce)%
Djpmvbnt 2 [jvenf (
S
) b 8 dbynjd bp
vtijxrf ghbyflkt;yjcntq= Pfrhtgbnt
[ j v e n s d y f d t c y j v i r f a e -
e,tlbdibcm d njv- xnj jyb ghfdbkmyj
gjpbwbjybhjdfys b bcgjkmpez lkz
'njuj 4 lkbyys[ dbynf= Gjckt 'njuj-
ghbrhtgbnt ghb,jh r [jvenfv c
gjvjom. 4_[ rjhjnrb[ dbynjd=
Lkz bcgjkytybz c yfhe;yjq dsnz;rjq
b lbcnfywbjyysv 'ktrnhjldbufntktv%
gjlcjtlbybnt cjtlbybntkmysq akfytw
ghb,jhf r dsdjlyjve jndthcnb. d
cntyt#gjnjkrt ghb gjvjob yflkt;fotuj
gfnhe,rf= Gjlrk.xbnt dsnz;re d
'ktrnhjctnm ghb gjvjob rf,tkz gbnfybz=
Ecnfyjdbnm ghjnbdj;bhjde. htitnre
yf dsnz;re- dltdsdfz tt d yfrljyyjv
gjkj;tybb (dth[yyzz cnjhjyf cvjnhbn
ddth[)=
Lkz bcgjkytybz c htwbhrekzwbtq djple[f%
gjlcjtlbybnt r dsnz;yjve akfywe
yflkt;foe. nhe,e lkz dsnzubdfybz
djple[f bp ghb,jhf b gjdnjhyjq gjlfxb
tt d gjvtotybt= Gjlrk.xbnt ghb,jh d
'ktrnhjctnm ghb gjvjob rf,tkz gbnfybz=
Ecnfyjdbnm djkjrybcne. gfytkm dyenhm
ghjnbdj;bhjdjq htitnrb- 'frhtkbd tt
kjchtlcndjv 2
−
e[ ghjdjkjr (
F
)- d[jlzob[
cjcnfd ghbyflkt;yjcntq= Ecnfyjdbnm
ghjnbdj;bhjde. htitnre yf dsnz;re-
dltdsdfz tt d yfrljyyjv gjkj;tybb
(dth[yyzz cnjhjyf cvjnhbn ddth[)=
AEYRWBJYBHJDFYBT
--------------------------------------------------
Rjvfyls yf Hbc= 9%
Dsrk.xfntkm C% d gjkj;tybb V (ldbufntkm)-
jnrhsdfybt#pfrhsdfybt rfhtnrb
eghfdkztn drk.xtybtv #dsrk.xtybtv
'ktrnhjldbufntkz- gjlcdtnrf jcnftncz
dsrk.xtyyjq+ d gjkj;tybb N (j,ott)-
jnrhsdfybt #pfrhsdfybt rfhtnrb
eghfdkztn drk.xtybtv#dsrk.xtybtv
gjlcndtnrb b 'ktrnhjldbufntkz+ d
gjkj;tybb
L
- gjlcdtnrf jcnftncz dct
dhtvz drk.xtyyjq b 'ktrnhj
−
ldbufntkm
dsrk.xtyysv (rfr ghb jnrhsnjq- nfr
b ghb pfrhsnjq rfhtnrt)- ldbufntkm
jcnftncz dsrk.xtyysv=
Dsrk.xfntkm D% gthtrk.xftn crjhjcnb
'ktrnhjldbufntkz= d gjkj;tybb V
bkb N dsrk.xfntkz- ghb jnrhsdfybb
rfhtnrb ghjbc[jlbn fdnjvfnbxtcrbq
pfgecr 'ktrnhjldbufntkz yf ds,hfyyjq
crjhjcnb=
Rjvfyls yf Hbc= 10%
Dsrk.xfntkm
D
% d gjkj;tybb
A
(fdnjvfnbxtcrbq ht;bv)- drk.xtybt
'ktrnhjldbufntkz b gjlcdtnrb
ghjbc[jlbn fdnjvfnbxtcrb ghb
jnrhsdfbbb#pfrhsdfybb rfhtnrb= D
gjkj;tybb
M
(hexyjq ht;bv)-
gjlcdtnrf drk.xtyf= D gjkj;tybb
0
-
gjlcdtnrf dsrk.xtyf=
Xfcnbxyjt jnrhsdfybt rfhtnrb eghfdkztn
drk.xtybtv 'ktrnhjldbufntkz yf 1_jq
crjhjcnb+ lfkmytqitt jnrhsdfybt rfhtnrb
gthtrk.xftn 'ktrnhjldbufntkm yf 2_.
crjhjcnm- f gjkyjt jnrhsdfybt rfhtnrb
_ yf 3_. crjhjcnm=
