19
ȼɚɥɤɚ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ
ɉɚɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɧɟɫɬɢ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɦɭ
,
ɱɬɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɩɭɬɢ
–
ɦɚɲɢɧɟ
,
ɞɨɦɭ
,
ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɸ
,
ɥɢɧɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɱ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ ɞɟɪɟɜɭ
.
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ ɭɩɚɫɬɶ ɜ ɧɭɠɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ
,
ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɪɟɲɢɬɟ
,
ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɡɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
!
ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɱɟɦ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɤ ɜɚɥɤɟ
,
ɪɚɫɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɡɨɧɭ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ
.
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɩɢɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɭɸ ɩɨɡɭ
,
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɢɜɲɢɫɶ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɩɢɥɚ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɟ ɧɚɬɤɧɭɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɤɚɤɨɟ
-
ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɟ
.
Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɭɬɶ ɤ ɨɬɯɨɞɭ
.
Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ ɧɚɱɧɟɬ ɩɚɞɚɬɶ
,
ɩɭɬɶ ɨɬɯɨɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧ ɩɨ ɞɢɚɝɨɧɚɥɢ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ
,
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ
,
ɩɨɞ ɭɝɥɨɦ
45
ɝɪɚɞɭɫɨɜ
;
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɨɣɬɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ ɧɚ
3
ɦɟɬɪɚ ɨɬ ɫɬɜɨɥɚ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɤɥɨɧɢɬɶɫɹ
,
ɟɫɥɢ ɫɬɜɨɥ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ ɨɬɫɤɨɱɢɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɟɧɶ ɧɚɡɚɞ
.
ɇɚɱɧɢɬɟ ɩɢɥɢɬɶ ɫ ɬɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ
,
ɤɭɞɚ ɨɧɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɭɩɚɫɬɶ
.
Ɂɚɪɭɛɤɚ
: 1/3
ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɢ ɩɨɞ ɭɝɥɨɦ ɨɬ
30
o
ɞɨ
45
o
ȼɚɥɨɱɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɩɢɥ
:
ɧɚ
2,5 - 5
ɫɦ ɜɵɲɟ
Ɉɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɲɬɵɪɶ
: 1/10
ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ
ɋɞɟɥɚɣɬɟ ɡɚɪɭɛɤɭ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɧɚ
1/3
ɬɨɥɳɢɧɵ ɫɬɜɨɥɚ
.
Ɇɟɫɬɨ ɡɚɪɭɛɤɢ ɜɚɠɧɨ
,
ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɚɞɚɬɶ
"
ɜ
"
ɡɚɪɭɛɤɭ
.
ȼɚɥɨɱɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɩɢɥ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɨɬ ɡɚɪɭɛɤɢ
.
ɋɞɟɥɚɣɬɟ ɜɚɥɨɱɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɩɢɥ
,
ɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɜ ɡɭɛɱɚɬɵɣ ɭɩɨɪ ɩɢɥɵ ɧɚ ɫɬɜɨɥ ɜɵɲɟ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɡɚɪɭɛɤɢ
ɧɚ
2,5-5
ɫɦ
,
ɢ ɩɢɥɢɬɟ
,
ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɢɫɶ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɡɚɪɭɛɤɢ
ɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɨɫɶ
1/10
ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɫɬɜɨɥɚ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɧɟ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɩɪɨɩɢɥɟɧɧɵɦ
,
ɢ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɲɬɵɪɶ
.
1.
Ɂɚɪɭɛɤɢ
2.
ȼɚɥɨɱɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɩɢɥ
3.
Ʉɥɢɧɶɹ
(
ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
)
4.
ɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ
A:
Ɉɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ
1/10
ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ
ɇɟ ɩɵɬɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɩɪɨɩɢɥɢɬɶ ɫɬɜɨɥ ɧɚɫɤɜɨɡɶ ɞɨ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɡɚɪɭɛɤɢ
,
ɤɨɝɞɚ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɟ ɜɚɥɨɱɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɩɢɥ
.
Ɉɫɬɚɜɲɚɹɫɹ ɧɟɩɪɨɩɢɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɬɜɨɥɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɲɬɵɪɟɦ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ
,
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɹ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɧɭɠɧɭɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ
.
Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɩɚɞɚɬɶ
,
ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɛɟɧɡɨɩɢɥɵ
,
ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟ ɟɟ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɥɸ ɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ
ɨɬɨɣɞɢɬɟ ɜ ɧɚɦɟɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ
.
ȼɚɥɤɚ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ
.
1.
ɉɪɨɩɢɥɵ
2.
ɋɩɨɫɨɛ
"
ɩɪɨɫɜɟɪɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ
"
Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɢɥɵ
3.
ȼɚɥɨɱɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɩɢɥ
4.
ɋɩɨɫɨɛ
"
ɩɪɨɫɜɟɪɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ
"
Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɢɥɵ
5.
ȼɚɥɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɩɢɥɵ
A:
Ʉɥɢɧɶɹ
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɚɥɤɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ ɫ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ
,
ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɦ ɞɥɢɧɭ ɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɵ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɜ ɞɜɚ
ɪɚɡɚ
,
ɧɚɱɧɢɬɟ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɡɚɪɭɛɤɢ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɢ ɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɩɢɥɭ
, "
ɩɪɨɬɹɝɢɜɚɣɬɟ
"
ɩɢɥɭ ɫɤɜɨɡɶ ɫɬɜɨɥ
ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɭɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ
,
ɤ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ ɤɪɚɸ ɡɚɪɭɛɤɢ
.
ɇɚɱɧɢɬɟ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɚɥɨɱɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɩɢɥ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɡɭɛɱɚɬɨɝɨ ɭɩɨɪɚ
,
ɩɨɝɪɭɠɚɹ
ɩɢɥɭ ɜ ɞɪɟɜɟɫɢɧɭ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɣ ɲɬɵɪɶ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ
.
Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɜɵɧɶɬɟ ɩɢɥɭ ɢ ɧɚɱɧɢɬɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɪɚɫɩɢɥ
.
ȼɫɬɚɜɥɹɣɬɟ ɩɢɥɭ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɪɨɩɢɥ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɚɤɤɭɪɚɬɧɨ ɜɨ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɞɚɱɢ
.
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɩɢɥ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɢɥɵ ɞɚɥɶɲɟ ɜ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɩɢɥɟ
,
ɩɨɤɚ ɨɧɚ ɧɟ
ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɲɬɵɪɹ
.