Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɡɤɫɩɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
,
ɦɨɧɬɚɠɭ ɢ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ
8
Ɉɱɢɫɬɤɚ ɢ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɵɣ ɭɯɨɞ ɡɚ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɪɢɫ
. 1
ɪɢɫ
. 2
ɪɢɫ
. 3
ɪɢɫ
. 4
ɪɢɫ
. 5
Ɉɱɢɳɚɣɬɟ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɪɚɡ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɟɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
(
ɞɨɠɞɢɬɟɫɶ
,
ɩɨɤɚ ɨɧɚ ɨɫɬɵɧɟɬ
).
ȼ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɞɚɠɟ
ɦɚɥɟɣɲɢɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɪɢɝɨɪɚɬɶ ɤ
ɧɚɝɪɟɬɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
.
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɭɯɨɞɚ
ɡɚ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
,
ɫɨɡɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɤɢ ɩɥɟɧɤɭ
,
ɡɚɳɢɳɚɸɳɭɸ ɨɬ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ
.
Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɪɚɡ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɫɨɬɪɢɬɟ
ɩɵɥɶ ɫɨ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɧɚ
ɩɨɫɭɞɵ
,
ɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɬɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɢɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɟ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ
,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
(
ɪɢɫ
. 1).
ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ
:
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɝɭɛɤɢ
,
ɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɟ
ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɰɚɪɚɩɚɸɬ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
.
Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɤɢ
ɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɟ ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɟ ɫɩɪɟɢ ɢ ɧɟ
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɤɢ ɠɢɞɤɢɟ
ɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɥɢ
(
ɪɢɫ
. 1
ɢ ɪɢɫ
.2).
ɇɚɧɟɫɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɬɢɪɚɬɶɫɹ
ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɪɭɛɵɯ
ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ
,
ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɫɭɞɵ ɫ
ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɞɧɚ
(
ɪɢɫ
.2)
ɇɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɬɶ
ɦɹɝɤɨɣ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɶɸ
.
Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɬɪɢɬɟ
ɱɢɫɬɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɭɯɨ
(
ɪɢɫ
. 3).
ɉɹɬɧɚ ɨɬ ɜɨɞɵ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɫɥɚɛɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɭɤɫɭɫɚ
.
ɗɬɢɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ
ɩɪɨɬɢɪɚɬɶ ɪɚɦɤɭ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ
(
ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ
),
ɬ
.
ɤ
.
ɨɧɚ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɟɬ ɛɥɟɫɤ
.
ɇɟɥɶɡɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɟ ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ
ɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɥɢ
,
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɶ
(
ɪɢɫ
. 3).
ɋɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
ɭɞɚɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ
,
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ
ɭɯɨɞɚ ɡɚ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ
.
Ɉɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɣɬɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ
.
Ɉɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɪɚɣɬɟ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
,
ɬ
.
ɤ
.
ɜ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ
ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɤɨɧɮɨɪɨɤ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
(
ɪɢɫ
. 3).
Ɍɪɭɞɧɨɭɞɚɥɢɦɵɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɝɨɪɟɜɲɢɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɫɤɪɟɛɤɚ
.
ɋɥɟɞɢɬɟ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ ɪɭɱɤɚ
ɫɤɪɟɛɤɚ ɧɟ ɤɚɫɚɥɚɫɶ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
(
ɪɢɫ
.
4).
ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɨ ɫɤɪɟɛɤɨɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɭɞɶɬɟ
ɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɵ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɩɨɪɚɧɢɬɶɫɹ
!
ɋɚɯɚɪ ɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
,
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɫɚɯɚɪ
,
ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
(
ɪɢɫ
. 5),
ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɠɟ ɭɞɚɥɹɣɬɟ
ɩɪɨɫɵɩɚɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɫɚɯɚɪ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɥɢɜɲɟɟɫɹ ɫɥɚɞɤɨɟ
ɛɥɸɞɨ ɫɨ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
,
ɞɚɠɟ
ɟɫɥɢ ɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɨɫɬɵɥɢ
(
ɪɢɫ
. 4).
ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɟɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
.
ɑɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɷɬɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɩɪɢɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ
ɩɢɳɢ
,
ɢɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɜɨɣ ɢɥɢ
ɦɟɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɭɞɵ
.
Ɍɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɨ
ɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ
.
ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ
:
ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ ɧɨɫɹɬ ɬ
.
ɧ
.
«
ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
»
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ
,
ɢ ɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ
ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ
.
ɇɚ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɹ
ɧɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ
.
