effect making the program proprietary. To prevent this, we 
have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for 
everyone’s free use or not licensed at all. 

The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution 
and modifi cation follow. 

TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, 
DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION

0. This License applies to any program or other work which 
contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may 
be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. 
The “Program”, below, refers to any such program or work, 
and a “work based on the Program” means either the Program 
or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a 
work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim 
or with modifi cations and/or translated into another language. 
(Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the 
term “modifi cation”.) Each licensee is addressed as “you”. 

Activities other than copying, distribution and modifi cation are 
not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The 
act of running the Program is not restricted, and the output 
from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute 
a work based on the Program (independent of having been 
made by running the Program). Whether that is true depends 
on what the Program does. 

1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program’s 
source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that 
you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy 
an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; 
keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the 
absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the 
Program a copy of this License along with the Program. 

You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a 
copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in 
exchange for a fee. 

2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or 
any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, 
and copy and distribute such modifi cations or work under the 
terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of 
these conditions: 

 a) 

You must cause the modifi ed fi les to carry prominent 
notices stating that you changed the fi les and the date 
of any change. 

 b) 

You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, 
that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the 
Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole 
at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this 
License.

 c) 

If the modifi ed program normally reads commands 
interactively when run, you must cause it, when started 
running for such interactive use in the most ordinary 
way, to print or display an announcement including an 
appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there 
is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a 
warranty) and that users may redistribute the program 
under these conditions, and telling the user how to 
view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program 
itself is interactive but does not normally print such an 
announcement, your work based on the Program is not 
required to print an announcement.) 

These requirements apply to the modifi ed work as a whole. 
If identifi able sections of that work are not derived from the 
Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and 
separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, 
do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as 
separate works. But when you distribute the same sections as 
part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the 
distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License, 
whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire 
whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who 
wrote it. 

Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or 
contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, 
the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of 
derivative or collective works based on the Program. 

In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on 
the Program with the Program (or with a work based on the 
Program) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does 
not bring the other work under the scope of this License.