5

6

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ƳǗǠǞǚǔǘ ǙǚǏǑǗǧǗ

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ǞǝǠǚǔ ǙǏǕǓǝǘ

ǵǷǼǮǬ

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ǙǝǜǓǔǜǠǏǡǏ

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ǒǻǬǽǤǭǶǩ ǦDzǴǵDzǦǿǭ ǸǬǯȀǶǴ

ǞǝǠǚǔ

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W

ƾǢǤǝǑǗǙǗ

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ƵǔǜǠǙǝǔ ǐǔǚǫǯ

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O

LJǔǟǠǡǫ Ǒ ǙǝǟǖǗǜǔ

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ƾǝǖǓǟǏǑǚǮǔǛ

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njǙǝǚǝǒǗǦǜǏǮ ǢǡǗǚǗǖǏǥǗǮ

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ƷǠǞǝǚǫǖǝǑǏǜǗǔ Ǟǝ ǜǏǖǜǏǦǔǜǗǭ

ƾǝǓǒǝǡǝǑǙǏ

ƷǜǓǗǑǗǓǢǏǚǫǜǪǘ ǑǪǐǝǟ Ǘ

ǜǏǠǡǟǝǘǙǏ ǞǟǝǒǟǏǛǛǪ

ǀǢǧǙǏ

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ǯǩǶ Ǭ ǯǬǺǤ DZǩ ǵdzDzǵDzǥDZǿǩ Ǧ ǵǬǯǷ

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ǓǴǬ ǦǿǥDzǴǩ dzǴDzǧǴǤǰǰǿ DZǤ ǨǬǵdzǯǩǩ DzǶDzǥǴǤǪǤǩǶǵȃ dzǴǩǨdzDzǯǤǧǤǩǰǤȃ
dzǴDzǨDzǯǪǬǶǩǯȀDZDzǵǶȀ ǵǷǼǮǬ dzǴǬ ǰǤǮǵǬǰǤǯȀDZDzǰ DzǥǾȄǰǩ ǫǤǧǴǷǫǮǬ

.

dž dzǴDzǺǩǵǵǩ

ǵǷǼǮǬ ǨǤǶǻǬǮǬ ǦǯǤǪDZDzǵǶǬ DzdzǴǩǨǩǯȃȂǶ ǸǤǮǶǬǻǩǵǮǬǭ DzǥǾȄǰ ǫǤǧǴǷǫǮǬ Ǭ
ǮDzǴǴǩǮǶǬǴǷȂǶ dzǴDzǨDzǯǪǬǶǩǯȀDZDzǵǶȀ dzǴDzǧǴǤǰǰǿ

.

ǓDzȁǶDzǰǷ ǫDZǤǻǩDZǬǩ

DzǵǶǤǦǼǩǧDzǵȃ ǦǴǩǰǩDZǬ DZǤ ǨǬǵdzǯǩǩ ǰǩDZȃǩǶǵȃ

.

ʑ

ƼǏǠǡǟǝǘǙǗ

 (

ǗǜǓǗǙǏǡǝǟǪ Ǘ ǙǚǏǑǗǧǗ

)

(

džǴǩǰȃ ǵǷǼǮǬ

)

džǴǩǰȃ ǵǷǼǮǬ

 (

ǶDzǯȀǮDz Ǩǯȃ dzǴDzǧǴǤǰǰ ǵǷǼǮǬ dzDz ǦǴǩǰǩDZǬ

)

DZǤǵǶǴǤǬǦǤǩǶǵȃ ǵ

ǼǤǧDzǰ

 10 

ǰǬDZǷǶ Ǭ ǰDzǪǩǶ ǵDzǵǶǤǦǯȃǶȀ DzǶ

 20 

ǰǬDZǷǶ ǨDz ǰǤǮǵ

. 3 

ǻǤǵDzǦ

.

y

(

ǎDzǴǴǩǮǶǬǴDzǦǮǤ

ǴǩǫǷǯȀǶǤǶǤ ǵǷǼǮǬ

)

ǓǴǩǨǷǵǰDzǶǴǩDZǿ ǶǴǬ ǵǶǷdzǩDZǬ ǴǩǫǷǯȀǶǤǶǤ ǵǷǼǮǬ

 (

DZǤdzǴ

., 

ǵǷǼǮǤ Ǧ ǼǮǤǸ

). 

ǕǶǩdzǩDZȀ

ǵǷǼǮǬ ǷǦǩǯǬǻǬǦǤǩǶǵȃ

.

ǕǶǤDZǨǤǴǶDZǤȃ DZǤǵǶǴDzǭǮǤ

 = 0. 

ǓǴǩǨǷǵǰDzǶǴǩDZDZǿǩ

ǫDZǤǻǩDZǬȃ

: 0, 1, 2, 3. 

ǓDzǵǯǩ ǶDzǻDZDzǭ DZǤǵǶǴDzǭǮǬ dzǴDzǧǴǤǰǰǿ ȁǶǤ DZǤǵǶǴDzǭǮǤ

ǵDzǹǴǤDZȃǩǶǵȃ ǶǤǮǪǩ Ǩǯȃ ǨǴǷǧǬǹ dzǴDzǧǴǤǰǰ

,

ǨDz ǬǫǰǩDZǩDZǬȃ DZǤǵǶǴDzǭǮǬ

y

(

ƹǝǟǟǔǙǡǗǟǝǑǙǏ ǟǔǖǢǚǫǡǏǡǏ ǠǢǧǙǗ

)

.

³¤

-

›ž¤

(

džǴǩǰȃ ǨDz

DzǮDzDZǻǤDZǬȃ

)

ǑǤǵǶǴDzǭǮǤ DzǮDzDZǻǤDZǬȃ dzǴDzǧǴǤǰǰǿ ǦDzǫǰDzǪDZǤ dzDzǵǴǩǨǵǶǦDzǰ ǦǿǥDzǴǤ

(

ƱǟǔǛǮ

Ǔǝ ǝǙǝǜǦǏǜǗǮ

)

.

(

ƱǟǔǛǮ Ǔǝ ǝǙǝǜǦǏǜǗǮ

)

ǷǦǩǯǬǻǬǦǤǩǶǵȃ ǵ ǼǤǧDzǰ Ǧ DzǨǬDZ ǻǤǵ

,

ǰǤǮǵ

.

ǨDz

 24 

ǻ

.

ǑǤǪǬǰǤǭǶǩ ǮǯǤǦǬǼǷ

(

ƱǟǔǛǮ Ǔǝ ǝǙǝǜǦǏǜǗǮ

)

ǨDz Ƕǩǹ dzDzǴ

,

dzDzǮǤ

DZǤ ǨǬǵdzǯǩǩ DZǩ dzDzȃǦǬǶǵȃ DZǷǪDZDzǩ ǮDzǯǬǻǩǵǶǦDz ǻǤǵDzǦ

 (h=

ǻǤǵ

). 

Ljǯȃ ǫǤdzǷǵǮǤ

dzǴDzǧǴǤǰǰǿ DZǤǪǰǬǶǩ ǮǯǤǦǬǼǷ

$

(

ǀǡǏǟǡ

/

ƾǏǢǖǏ

)

.

ǓǴDzǧǴǤǰǰǤ ǫǤǦǩǴǼǬǶǵȃ dzDz

ǬǵǶǩǻǩDZǬǬ ǫǤǨǤDZDZDzǧDz ǦǴǩǰǩDZǬ

.

ǛǩǴǩǫ DZǩǵǮDzǯȀǮDz ǰǬDZǷǶ dzDzǵǯǩ DZǤǵǶǴDzǭǮǬ

(

ƱǟǔǛǮ Ǔǝ ǝǙǝǜǦǏǜǗǮ

)

ǨǬǵdzǯǩǭ

ǧǤǵDZǩǶ Ǧ Ǻǩǯȃǹ ȁǮDzDZDzǰǬǬ ȁDZǩǴǧǬǬ

.

Ljǯȃ ǤǮǶǬǦǬǫǤǺǬǬ ǨǬǵdzǯǩȃ DZǤǪǰǬǶǩ ǯȂǥǷȂ

ǮǯǤǦǬǼǷ

,

DzǶǮǴDzǭǶǩ

/

ǫǤǮǴDzǭǶǩ ǨǦǩǴǺǷ ǬǯǬ dzDzǦǩǴDZǬǶǩ dzǴDzǧǴǤǰǰǤǶDzǴ

.

V

ǓDzDZǬǪ

.

Ƕǩǰdz

.

DžDzǯǩǩ DZǬǫǮǤȃ ǶǩǰdzǩǴǤǶǷǴǤ ǵǷǼǮǬ ǬǫǨǩǯǬǭ Ǭǫ ǨǩǯǬǮǤǶDZǿǹ ǶǮǤDZǩǭ

,

DZǤdzǴ

., 

dzDzǯǬǤǮǴǬǯǤ

,

dzDzǯǬǤǰǬǨǤ ǬǯǬ ȁǯǤǵǶǤDZǤ

,

dzǴǬ ǷǦǩǯǬǻǩDZDZDzǰ ǦǴǩǰǩDZǬ ǵǷǼǮǬ

.

4

ǏǩǧǮDz ǧǯDŽǨǬǶȀ

ǓDz DzǮDzDZǻǤDZǬǬ dzǴDzǧǴǤǰǰǿ ǥǤǴǤǥǤDZ ǴǩǧǷǯȃǴDZDz dzDzǦDzǴǤǻǬǦǤǩǶǵȃ ǦDz ǬǫǥǩǪǤDZǬǩ
DzǥǴǤǫDzǦǤDZǬȃ ǫǤǯDzǰDzǦ

.

DžǩǯȀȄ DZǩ ǵǯǩǪǬǦǤǩǶǵȃ Ǭ DzǵǶǤǩǶǵȃ DzǥǾǩǰDZǿǰ

.

ǕǶǤDZǨǤǴǶDZǤȃ DZǤǵǶǴDzǭǮǤ Ǩǯȃ ǮǤǪǨDzǭ dzǴDzǧǴǤǰǰǿ ǵDzǵǶǤǦǯȃǩǶ

 60 

ǰǬDZǷǶ

.

ǓǴDzǨDzǯǪǬǶǩǯȀDZDzǵǶȀ ǤǦǶDzǰǤǶǬǻǩǵǮDzǭ
ǸǷDZǮǺǬǬ ǫǤǽǬǶǿ ǥǩǯȀȃ DzǶ ǵǰǬDZǤDZǬȃ ǰDzǪǩǶ ǥǿǶȀ ǷǦǩǯǬǻǩDZǤ DZǤ

 60 

ǰǬDZǷǶ

.

&

ǕǬǧDZǤǯ

Ljǯȃ ǦǮǯȂǻǩDZǬȃ Ǭ ǦǿǮǯȂǻǩDZǬȃ ǵǬǧDZǤǯǤ

.

ǓDz DzǮDzDZǻǤDZǬǬ dzǴDzǧǴǤǰǰǿ ǴǤǫǨǤǩǶǵȃ

&

ü

ǀǗǒǜǏǚ

,

ǩǵǯǬ DzDZ ǥǿǯ ǤǮǶǬǦǬǫǬǴDzǦǤDZ

.

ǑǤǵǶǴDzǭǮǤ ǨǤDZDZDzǭ DzdzǺǬǬ DZǩ

ǦǯǬȃǩǶ DZǤ ǨǴǷǧǬǩ ǫǦǷǮDzǦǿǩ ǵǬǧDZǤǯǿ

.

ƶǏǙǟǝǘǡǔ

ǓǑǔǟǥǢ

ǀǝǓǔǟǕǏǜǗǔ

ǕǶǴǤDZǬǺǤ

ʋ

ǓDzǨǧDzǶDzǦǮǤ Ǯ ǴǤǥDzǶǩ

ʋ

ǓǤDZǩǯȀ ǷdzǴǤǦǯǩDZǬȃ

ʋ

ǕǷǼǮǤ

ʋ

LjǬǵdzǯǩǭ Ǭ DZǤǵǶǴDzǭǮǬ

ʋ

ǗǮǤǫǤDZǬȃ dzDz ǵǷǼǮǩ ǥǩǯȀȃ

ʋ

ǒǥǫDzǴ dzǴDzǧǴǤǰǰ

ʋ

ǗǹDzǨ Ǭ DzǻǬǵǶǮǤ

ʋ

ǗǵǶǤDZDzǦǮǤ Ǭ dzDzǨǮǯȂǻǩDZǬǩ

ʋ

NjǤǽǬǶǤ DzǶ ǫǤǰǩǴǫǤDZǬȃ ǶǴǤDZǵdzDzǴǶǬǴDzǦǮǤ

ʋ

LjDzdzDzǯDZǬǶǩǯȀDZǿǩ dzǴǬDZǤǨǯǩǪDZDzǵǶǬ

ʋ

ǖǩǹDZǬǻǩǵǮǬǩ ǹǤǴǤǮǶǩǴǬǵǶǬǮǬ

ʋ

ǓǤǴǤǰǩǶǴǿ ǴǤǵǹDzǨǤ

ʋ

ǕǩǴǦǬǵDZǤȃ ǵǯǷǪǥǤ

ʋ

ǛǶDz ǨǩǯǤǶȀ ǩǵǯǬ

ʋ

ǗǮǤǫǤDZǬȃ dzDz ǶǩǹDZǬǮǩ ǥǩǫDzdzǤǵDZDzǵǶǬ

ǎǤǶǩǧDzǴǬǻǩǵǮǬ ǫǤdzǴǩǽǤǩǶǵȃ ȁǮǵdzǯǷǤǶǤǺǬȃ
DZǩǬǵdzǴǤǦDZDzǭ ǵǷǼǬǯȀDZDzǭ ǰǤǼǬDZǿ
ǗǦǩǨDzǰǬǶǩ ǵǩǴǦǬǵDZǷȂ ǵǯǷǪǥǷ

ƾǡǜǞǢǠǘǢǕ

ǡǣǨǘǛǬǝǣǮ ǜǐǨǘǝǣ

ƿǏǠǠǝǟǡǗǟǢǘǡǔ ǐǔǚǫǯ

džǿDZȀǶǩ Ǭǫ ǮǤǴǰǤDZDzǦ Ǧǵǩ dzǴǩǨǰǩǶǿ ǒǵDzǥǩDZDZDz ǵǯǩǨǬǶǩ ǫǤ Ƕǩǰ ǻǶDzǥǿ
ǶǤǰ DZǩ DzǵǶǤǯǬǵȀ ǫǤǪǬǧǤǯǮǬ
ǓǴǬ ǫǤǧǴǷǫǮǩ ǥǩǯȀȃ ǥǤǴǤǥǤDZ ǨDzǯǪǩDZ ǥǿǶȀ ǵDzǦǩǴǼǩDZDZDz dzǷǵǶ

Ǖǰ ǶǤǮǪǩ DzǶǨǩǯȀDZǷȂ ǬDZǵǶǴǷǮǺǬȂ ǎDzǴǫǬDZǤ Ǩǯȃ ǵǷǼǮǬ ǼǩǴǵǶǬ

Ǧ ǫǤǦǬǵǬǰDzǵǶǬ DzǶ ǰDzǨǩǯǬ

DžǩǴǬǶǩǵȀ ǶDzǯȀǮDz ǫǤ ǦǬǯǮǷ
Ǭ ǶDzǯȀǮDz ǵǷǹǬǰǬ ǴǷǮǤǰǬ

ƲǡǢǐǒǬǢǕ ǒǘǛǚǣ ǡǕǢǕ

ǒǞǓǞ ǨǝǣǠǐ ǒ ǠǞǗǕǢǚǣ

ƽǙǝǜǦǏǜǗǔ ǞǟǝǒǟǏǛǛǪ

ƾǟǔǟǪǑǏǜǗǔ ǞǟǝǒǟǏǛǛǪ

ǒǶǮǴDzǭǶǩ ǨǦǩǴǺǷ ǬǯǬ DZǤǪǰǬǶǩ ǮǯǤǦǬǼǷ

$

ǀǡǏǟǡ

ƾǏǢǖǏ

dzǴDzǺǩǵǵ ǵǷǼǮǬ dzǴǩǴǦǩǶǵȃ

LjDzǥǤǦȀǶǩ ǬǯǬ ǦǿDZȀǶǩ ǥǩǯȀȄ Ǭ ǫǤǮǴDzǭǶǩ ǨǦǩǴǺǷ
ǓǴǬ DZǩDzǥǹDzǨǬǰDzǵǶǬ ǦǿǥǩǴǬǶǩ ǨǴǷǧǷȂ dzǴDzǧǴǤǰǰǷ Ǭ
ǨDzdzDzǯDZǬǶǩǯȀDZǷȂ ǸǷDZǮǺǬȂ ǑǤǪǰǬǶǩ ǮǯǤǦǬǼǷ

$

ǀǡǏǟǡ ƾǏǢǖǏ

ǛǩǴǩǫ DZǩǵǮDzǯȀǮDz ǰǬDZǷǶ ǬǫǰǩDZǬǶǵȃ

DzǵǶǤǦǼǩǩǵȃ ǦǴǩǰȃ

DžǤǴǤǥǤDZ Ǭ ǨǦǩǴǺǤ ǰDzǧǷǶ ǥǿǶȀ ǧDzǴȃǻǬǰǬ

ǂǙǏǖǏǜǗǮ Ǟǝ ǠǢǧǙǔ ǐǔǚǫǮ

 ...

ƻǏǟǙǗǟǝǑǙǏ ǜǏ ǗǖǓǔǚǗǮǤ

ǀǝǐǚǭǓǏǘǡǔ ǢǙǏǖǏǜǗǮ Ǟǝ ǢǤǝǓǢ ǝǡ ǗǖǒǝǡǝǑǗǡǔǚǮ

.

hc

ǓǴǬǧDzǨDZǿ Ǩǯȃ ǵǷǼǮǬ Ǧ ǵǷǼǬǯȀDZDzǭ ǰǤǼǬDZǩ

.

(c

ǑDzǴǰǤǯȀDZǤȃ ǵǷǼǮǤ

.

'c

ǕǷǼǮǤ dzǴǬ DZǬǫǮDzǭ ǶǩǰdzǩǴǤǶǷǴǩ

a

ǨDzdzDzǯDZǬǶǩǯȀDZDz ǦǿǥǩǴǬǶǩ DzdzǺǬȂ

V

ƾǝǜǗǕ

.

ǁǔǛǞ

.

)c

ǕǷǼǮǤ Ǧ ǰǤǼǬDZǩ ǫǤdzǴǩǽǩDZǤ

.

Ǒǩ ǨDzdzǷǵǮǤǩǶǵȃ ǵǷǼǮǤ Ǧ ǵǷǼǬǯȀDZDzǭ ǰǤǼǬDZǩ ǬǫǨǩǯǬǭ Ǭǫ ǵǯǩǨǷȂǽǬǹ ǦǬǨDzǦ ǶǮǤDZǩǭ

:

–

ǦDzǫǨǷǹDzDZǩdzǴDzDZǬǺǤǩǰǿǩ ǶǮǤDZǬ

 (

DZǤdzǴǬǰǩǴ

,

dzǴDzǴǩǫǬDZǩDZDZǿǩ

);

–

ǶDzDZǮǬǩ ǶǮǤDZǬ

 (

ǼȄǯǮ

,

ǵǬDZǶǩǶǬǻǩǵǮǬǩ ǧǤǴǨǬDZǿ

)

a

ǰDzǧǷǶ DzǥǴǤǫDzǦǤǶȀǵȃ ǫǤǯDzǰǿ

!

–

ǥǩǯȀȄ ǵ ǰǤǵǯȃDZǿǰǬ dzȃǶDZǤǰǬ

.

ƿǔǙǝǛǔǜǓǏǥǗǗ Ǟǝ ǠǢǧǙǔ

–

Ljǯȃ ǨDzǵǶǬǪǩDZǬȃ ǴǤǦDZDzǰǩǴDZDzǧDz ǴǩǫǷǯȀǶǤǶǤ ǵǷǼǮǬ DzǶǵDzǴǶǬǴǷǭǶǩ ǥǩǯȀȄ dzDz ǦǬǨǷ ǶǮǤDZǬ Ǭ
dzǴDzǧǴǤǰǰǩ ǵǷǼǮǬ

.

–

ǒǻǩDZȀ ǰǤǯǩDZȀǮǬǩ ǶǩǮǵǶǬǯȀDZǿǩ ǬǫǨǩǯǬȃ

 (

DZǤdzǴǬǰǩǴ

,

ǨǩǶǵǮǬǩ DZDzǵǮǬ

)

ǦǵǩǧǨǤ ǵǷǼǬǶǩ

ǦǰǩǵǶǩ ǵ ǥDzǯȀǼǬǰ dzǴǩǨǰǩǶDzǰ ǥǩǯȀȃ

 (

DZǤdzǴǬǰǩǴ

,

ǵ dzDzǯDzǶǩDZǺǩǰ

).

–

NjǤǵǶǩǧDZǬǶǩ Ǧǵǩ ǰDzǯDZǬǬ

,

ǮǴȂǻǮǬ

,

dzǩǶǯǬ

,

ǮDZDzdzǮǬ

.

NjǤǦȃǪǬǶǩ ǶǮǤDZǩǦǿǩ dzDzȃǵǤ

,

ǯȃǰǮǬ

,

ǶǩǵȄǰǮǬ

,

dzǴǬ DZǩDzǥǹDzǨǬǰDzǵǶǬ ǬǵdzDzǯȀǫǷǭǶǩ ǰǩǼDzǮ Ǩǯȃ

ǥǩǯȀȃ

.

–

Ǒǩ dzǩǴǩǵǷǼǬǦǤǭǶǩ ǵǬDZǶǩǶǬǮǷ

a

ǰDzǧǷǶ DzǥǴǤǫDzǦǤǶȀǵȃ ǫǤǯDzǰǿ

.

ǖǤǮDzǩ ǥǩǯȀȄ ǯǷǻǼǩ ǨDzǵǷǼǬǶȀ DZǤ ǦDzǫǨǷǹǩ

.

–

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.

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).

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,

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-

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a

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.

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.

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a

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.

–

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ƱǪǜǫǡǔ ǐǔǚǫǔ Ǘ ǑǪǙǚǭǦǗǡǔ

ǠǢǧǗǚǫǜǢǭ ǛǏǧǗǜǢ

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