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IV.4
Ɇɨɧɬɚɠ
IV.4.1
ȼɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɚ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɟ
ȼɯɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ ɤɪɨɧɲɬɟɣɧ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɤɪɟɩɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɟ ɲɭɪɭɩɚɦɢ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɧɟ
ɦɟɧɟɟ
10
ɦɦ
.
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɲɬɚɬɢɜ
(
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɤɫɟɫɫɭɚɪ
),
ɧɨ
ɜɨɞɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɪɟɩɟɠɧɵɯ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
.
ȼɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɟɣ
Ɋɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɤɪɟɩɟɠɧɵɦɢ ɩɥɚɧɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɡɚɜɨɞɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
500
ɦɦ
,
ɧɨ ɨɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɨ ɞɨ
800
ɦɦ
.
Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ
,
ɱɬɨ ɛɵ ɷɬɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɫɧɹɬɶ ɜɟɪɯɧɸɸ ɡɚɝɥɭɲɤɭ ɢ ɨɬɤɪɭɬɢɬɶ ɞɜɚ ɜɢɧɬɚ
.
Ɋɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟ ɤɪɨɧɲɬɟɣɧ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
800
ɦɦ
,
ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ
,
ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ
.
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɜɢɧɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɤɪɟɩɟɠɚ
ɤɪɨɧɲɬɟɣɧɚ
.
IV.4.2
Ƚɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ
ȼɯɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ ɤɪɨɧɲɬɟɣɧ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɤɪɟɩɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɟ ɲɭɪɭɩɚɦɢ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɧɟ
ɦɟɧɟɟ
10
ɦɦ
.
IV.4.2.1
ȼɟɪɫɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫ ɩɚɬɪɭɛɤɚɦɢ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɫ ɬɨɪɰɚ
ɜɨɞɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɡɚɜɨɞɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɪɟɩɟɠɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
.
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɚɬɪɭɛɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ
(
ɪɢɫ
.5).
ȿɫɥɢ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɬɪɭɛɤɚɦɢ ɫ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ
,
ɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɩɨɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɫɟɤɚɬɟɥɶ ɢ ɬɪɭɛɤɭ ɡɚɛɨɪɚ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ
,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ
ɩɚɬɪɭɛɤɢ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ
.
Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɦɟɧɹɣɬɟ ɦɟɫɬɚɦɢ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɟ ɢ ɫɢɧɢɟ
ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɤɨɥɶɰɚ
(
ɪɢɫ
.4
ɢ ɪɢɫ
.6).
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦɭ ɩɚɬɪɭɛɤɭ
(
ɪɢɫ
.4).
ɉɪɢ ɧɚɩɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɬɨɥɨɱɧɨɦ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɟɦɧɟɦ
(
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɩɰɢɹ
).
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɩɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɤɫɟɫɫɭɚɪɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ
.
IV.4.2.2
ȼɟɪɫɢɢ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɪɟɸɳɟɣ ɫɩɢɪɚɥɶɸ
(
ɪɢɫ
.7
ɢ ɪɢɫ
.8).
ɗɬɢ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɚ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɟ
.
Ɍɚɤɠɟ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɟɧ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɩɨɬɨɥɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɚ
(
ɪɢɫ
.9
ɢ ɪɢɫ
.10)
ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɪɟɩɟɠɧɵɯ
ɪɟɦɧɟɣ
(
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɩɰɢɹ
).
IV.4.3
Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɧɚ ɨɩɨɪɚɯ
Ɂɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɦɚɧɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ
,
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɭɞɨɛɧɵɣ ɦɨɧɬɚɠ
ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɭɸɬ ɭɞɨɛɧɭɸ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɸ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ
.
ɇɟ ɡɚɛɭɞɶɬɟ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɨɩɨɪɵ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɫ ɭɝɥɨɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ
120º,
ɜ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɡɚɜɚɥɢɬɶɫɹ
.
Ɉɩɨɪɵ
ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɨɪɨɛɤɢ
.
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɨɩɨɪ
(
ɪɢɫ
.11)
x
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɢɡ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɧɚ ɧɢɠɧɸɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɛɚɤɚ
ɜ ɬɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ
,
ɝɞɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ
.
x
ɇɚɤɥɨɧɢɬɟ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɨɩɨɪɵ ɩɨɞ
ɜɨɞɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ
.
x
ɋɧɨɜɚ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɢɬɟ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɩɨɪɵ ɩɨɞ ɭɝɥɨɦ
120
º
ɜ
ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ
.
x
ɉɪɢɩɨɞɧɢɦɢɬɟ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɬɪɟɬɟɣ ɨɩɨɪɵ
.
x
ȼɫɟ ɨɩɨɪɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
:
x
ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɜɢɧɬɵ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɩɨɪɟ ɢ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɟ
ɜɨɞɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ
.