11. 

Patents.
A “contributor” is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this License of the Program or a work on which the Program is 

based. The work thus licensed is called the contributor’s “contributor version”.
A contributor’s “essential patent claims” are all patent claims owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired 

or hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted by this License, of making, using, or selling its 

contributor version, but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a consequence of further modification of the 

contributor version. For purposes of this definition, “control” includes the right to grant patent sublicenses in a manner 

consistent with the requirements of this License.
Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free patent license under the contributor’s essential patent 

claims, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and propagate the contents of its contributor version.
In the following three paragraphs, a “patent license” is any express agreement or commitment, however denominated, not 

to enforce a patent (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to sue for patent infringement). To 

“grant” such a patent license to a party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a patent against the 

party.
If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, and the Corresponding Source of the work is not 

available for anyone to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a publicly available network server or 

other readily accessible means, then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so available, or (2) arrange 

to deprive yourself of the benefit of the patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner consistent with the 

requirements of this License, to extend the patent license to downstream recipients. “Knowingly relying” means you have 

actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the covered work in a country, or your recipient’s use of the 

covered work in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that country that you have reason to believe are 

valid.
If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance 

of, a covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, 

propagate, modify or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license you grant is automatically extended 

to all recipients of the covered work and works based on it.
A patent license is “discriminatory” if it does not include within the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is 

conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically granted under this License. You may not 

convey a covered work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the business of distributing software, 

under which you make payment to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the work, and under which 

the third party grants, to any of the parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent license (a) 

in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in 

connection with specific products or compilations that contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or 

that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any implied license or other defenses to infringement that 

may otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.

12. 

No Surrender of Others’ Freedom.
If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this 

License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a covered work so as to satisfy 

simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not 

convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to 

whom you convey the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely 

from conveying the Program.

13. 

Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to link or combine any covered work with a work 

licensed under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single combined work, and to convey the resulting 

work. The terms of this License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, but the special requirements of 

the GNU Affero General Public License, section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the combination as 

such.

14. 

Revised Versions of this License.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU General Public License from time to time. 

Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU 

General Public License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of 

that numbered version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify 

a version number of the GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software 

Foundation.
If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that 

proxy’s public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Program.
Later license versions may give you additional or different permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any 

author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a later version.

BN68-02330G-00Eng.indb   85

2009-6-10   18:35:25