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Glossary

LED

A Light-Emitting Diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that indicates 

the status of a printer.  

MAC address

Media Access Control (MAC) address is a unique identifier associated 

with a network adapter. MAC address is a unique 48-bit identifier usually 

written as 12 hexadecimal characters grouped in pairs (e. g., 00-00-0c-

34-11-4e). This address is usually hard-coded into a Network Interface 

Card (NIC) by its manufacturer, and used as an aid for routers trying to 

locate printers on large networks.

MFP

Multi Function Peripheral (MFP) is an office printer that includes the 

following functionality in one physical body, so as to have a printer, a 

copier, a fax, a scanner and etc.

MH

Modified Huffman (MH) is a compression method for decreasing the 

amount of data that needs to be transmitted between the fax printers to 

transfer the image recommended by ITU-T T.4. MH is a codebook-

based run-length encoding scheme optimized to efficiently compress 

white space. As most faxes consist mostly of white space, this 

minimizes the transmission time of most faxes. 

MMR

Modified Modified READ (MMR) is a compression method 

recommended by ITU-T T.6.

Modem

A device that modulates a carrier signal to encode digital information, 

and also demodulates such a carrier signal to decode transmitted 

information.

MR

Modified Read (MR) is a compression method recommended by ITU-T 

T.4. MR encodes the first scanned line using MH. The next line is 

compared to the first, the differences determined, and then the 

differences are encoded and transmitted.

NetWare

A network operating system developed by Novell, Inc. It initially used 

cooperative multitasking to run various services on a PC, and the 

network protocols were based on the archetypal Xerox XNS stack. 

Today NetWare supports TCP/IP as well as IPX/SPX.

OPC

Organic Photo Conductor (OPC) is a mechanism that makes a virtual 

image for print using a laser beam emitted from a laser printer, and it is 

usually green or gray colored and a cylinder shaped. 
An exposing unit of a drum is slowly worn away by its usage of the 

printer, and it should be replaced appropriately since it gets scratches 

from grits of a paper.

Originals

The first example of something, such as a document, photograph or text, 

etc, which is copied, reproduced or translated to produce others, but 

which is not itself copied or derived from something else.

OSI

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) is a model developed by the 

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for communications. 

OSI offers a standard, modular approach to network design that divides 

the required set of complex functions into manageable, self-contained, 

functional layers. The layers are, from top to bottom, Application, 

Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link and Physical.

PABX 

A private automatic branch exchange (PABX) is an automatic telephone 

switching system within a private enterprise.

PCL

Printer Command Language (PCL) is a Page Description Language 

(PDL) developed by HP as a printer protocol and has become an 

industry standard. Originally developed for early inkjet printers, PCL has 

been released in varying levels for thermal, matrix printer, and page 

printers.

PDF

Portable Document Format (PDF) is a proprietary file format developed 

by Adobe Systems for representing two dimensional documents in a 

device independent and resolution independent format.

PostScript

PostScript (PS) is a page description language and programming 

language used primarily in the electronic and desktop publishing areas. - 

that is run in an interpreter to generate an image.

Printer Driver

A program used to send commands and transfer data from the computer 

to the printer.

Print Media

The media like paper, envelopes, labels, and transparencies which can 

be used on a printer, a scanner, a fax or, a copier.

PPM

Pages Per Minute (PPM) is a method of measurement for determining 

how fast a printer works, meaning the number of pages a printer can 

produce in one minute.

PRN file

An interface for a device driver, this allows software to interact with the 

device driver using standard input/output system calls, which simplifies 

many tasks. 

Protocol

A convention or standard that controls or enables the connection, 

communication, and data transfer between two computing endpoints.

PS

See PostScript.

PSTN

The Public-Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is the network of the 

world's public circuit-switched telephone networks which, on industrial 

premises, is usually routed through the switchboard.

Resolution

The sharpness of an image, measured in Dots Per Inch (DPI). The 

higher the dpi, the greater the resolution.

SMB

Server Message Block (SMB) is a network protocol mainly applied to 

share files, printers, serial ports, and miscellaneous communications 

between nodes on a network. It also provides an authenticated Inter-

process communication mechanism.

SMTP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is the standard for e-mail 

transmissions across the Internet. SMTP is a relatively simple, text-

based protocol, where one or more recipients of a message are 

specified, and then the message text is transferred. It is a client-server 

protocol, where the client transmits an email message to the server.